Gujuhwansan Morphine Injection 10mg/mL (Morphine Sulfate Hydrate)

Adult administration

This medicine should be administered by subcutaneous injection, intramuscular injection, or slow intravenous injection; do not administer epidurally or intrathecally. When administering this medicine intravenously, resuscitation equipment and an opioid antagonist (such as naloxone) should be immediately available. For patients with severe chronic pain, adjust the dose according to the severity of pain, response, and tolerance. The dose may be increased in patients with very severe chronic pain or in patients who have developed tolerance to the analgesic effects of opioids. Reduce the dose in elderly patients and patients receiving other central nervous system depressants. This medicine is primarily used for subcutaneous injection, but may also be administered by intramuscular injection or slow intravenous injection. Repeated subcutaneous injections may cause local inflammation, pain, and induration; therefore, intramuscular injection is preferred over subcutaneous injection for repeated administration. 1. Adults 1) Dose for subcutaneous or intramuscular injection: In general, administer 10 mg of morphine sulfate hydrate every 4 hours as needed. A single dose may be in the range of 5∼20 mg, depending on the patient's response and needs. 2) Dose for intravenous injection: In general, administer 4∼10 mg of this medicine slowly over 4∼5 minutes and repeat every 4 hours as needed. 2.5∼15 mg of this medicine may be diluted in 4∼5 mL of sterile water for injection. 3. Pain relief during labor: In general, administer 10 mg of this medicine by subcutaneous or intramuscular injection. 4. Pain relief due to myocardial infarction: Inject 8∼15 mg of this medicine. If the pain is very severe, smaller additional doses may be administered every 3∼4 hours.

Child administration

2. Children: Administer 0.1∼0.2 mg/kg of this medicine by subcutaneous injection as needed; do not exceed 15 mg per dose. Do not administer to premature infants. Safety and efficacy in neonates have not been established.

This medication is a potent analgesic acting on the central nervous system and should be used under strict medical supervision, especially if it is combined with narcotics, benzodiazepines, or alcohol, as it may cause severe respiratory depression or coma. It should not be used in patients who are allergic to this drug or have specific conditions, such as seizures, heart failure due to chronic respiratory disease, asthma attacks, severe respiratory depression, arrhythmias, brain tumors, acute alcohol intoxication, tremulous delirium, premature infants, etc. Patients with hypotension or shock, respiratory depression, asthma, a history of drug or alcohol dependence, ventricular tachycardia, acute abdominal illnesses, ulcerative colitis, recently post-operative patients, seizure disorders, increased intracranial pressure, severe liver or kidney impairment, fever, prostate enlargement, hypothyroidism, adrenal insufficiency, pediatric patients, and the elderly should be administered this medication cautiously. This medication can cause dependence and tolerance, which may lead to withdrawal symptoms upon discontinuation with long-term use, thus the dosage must be gradually reduced while closely monitoring the patient's condition. Care must be taken as various side effects such as respiratory depression, hypotension, shock, worsening of head injuries, central nervous system and psychiatric disturbances, gastrointestinal problems, cardiovascular issues, urinary problems, and hypersensitivity may occur. This medication must be administered in environments equipped for emergency care, with the prescriber knowledgeable about the use and emergency handling of narcotic analgesics, especially considering the risk of substance abuse and dependence. Drowsiness and dizziness may occur; hence, driving or operating dangerous machinery should be avoided while under treatment. Special observation is necessary for patients at risk of vascular occlusion or adrenal insufficiency. Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding should carefully assess the potential effects of this medication on the fetus or newborn when using it, especially monitoring for respiratory depression and withdrawal symptoms in newborns is vital. In pediatric and elderly patients, it is essential to adjust the dosage and monitor closely. This medication may interact with other central nervous system depressants, MAO inhibitors, neuromuscular blockers, etc., potentially increasing side effects, necessitating dosage adjustments and careful supervision when co-administered. In case of an overdose, immediate emergency care must be received, and if respiratory depression or impaired consciousness occurs, prompt airway management and administration of narcotic antagonists are required. Before use, verify if the injection solution has changed color or precipitated, and if the medication comes into contact with skin, it should be rinsed off immediately. This medication requires strict management; store it in a light-blocking container at room temperature and safely dispose of any unused medication.

yawning, sneezing, tearing, sweating, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, pupil dilation, headache, insomnia, anxiety, hallucination, convulsions, tremors, pain in muscles and joints throughout the body, respiratory distress, palpitations, shortness of breath, slow breathing, irregular breathing, apnea, weakness, tremors, impaired muscle coordination, temporary hallucinations, loss of directional sense, visual impairment, headache, agitation, discomfort, abnormal euphoria, sedation, dizziness, dysentery, hyperalgesia, sweating, nausea, vomiting, constipation, biliary colic, increased colonic motility, toxicity increase, dry mouth, pancreatitis, spasm of the Oddi sphincter, tachycardia, bradycardia, palpitations, confusion, fainting, orthostatic hypotension, oliguria, urinary retention, itching, urticaria, rash, acute generalized pustular rash, central sleep apnea syndrome, facial flushing, sweating, localized itching, pain, sclerosis, intestinal obstruction, loss of consciousness, coma, skeletal muscle relaxation, cool skin, miosis, bradycardia, hypotension, apnea, cardiovascular collapse, cardiac arrest, death, aspiration pneumonia

This medication is sensitive to light and must be stored in a container that prevents light exposure. Additionally, it is crucial to maintain a storage temperature between 1 and 30 degrees Celsius to prolong the medication's efficacy.

Appearance

A colorless, clear solution in a brown transparent ampoule

Package unit

1 mL - 10 ampoules/box, 1 mL - 25 ampoules/box, 2 mL - 10 ampoules/box, 2 mL - 25 ampoules/box, 10 mL - 10 ampoules/box, 5 mL - 10 ampoules/box