Glupa Tablets 1,000 mg (Metformin Hydrochloride)

Adult dose

For adults, the dosage is determined based on individual drug efficacy and tolerability without exceeding the maximum recommended daily dose. Start with a low dose, administered 500mg 2 to 3 times daily with meals. Increase the dose gradually by 500mg weekly, usually dividing up to 2000mg into two doses taken in the morning and evening. If exceeding 2000mg, administer in three doses with meals.

Child dose

For children aged 10 years and older and adolescents, the dosing is 500mg once daily during or after meals. After one week, measure blood glucose levels to adjust the dose, and increase gradually if necessary.

This medication can cause severe lactic acidosis or hypoglycemia, thus caution is necessary. It should not be administered to patients with moderate to severe renal impairment, dehydration, or serious infections and cardiovascular problems. Patients with acute heart failure or those receiving iodine-based contrast agents used for specific radiological exams should also avoid this medication. It should not be given to patients with allergic reactions to this drug or similar classes of medications, to Type 1 diabetes patients, or to patients with acute or chronic metabolic acidosis. Patients with severe infections or traumatic systemic disorders may need to temporarily discontinue this medication, and patients scheduled for surgery should stop 48 hours prior. Those with poor nutritional status, liver dysfunction, or excessive drinking should use this medication with caution. Irregular eating or intense exercise, as well as interactions with other medications, may lead to lactic acidosis or hypoglycemia during treatment with this drug. Lactic acidosis, though rare, is a very serious side effect; symptoms such as fatigue, muscle pain, breathing difficulties, or abdominal pain require immediate consultation with a physician. Gastrointestinal symptoms can be common during initial treatment but are usually temporary and can be alleviated by taking the medication with meals or gradually increasing the dose. This medication is primarily excreted through the kidneys, so regular kidney function tests are necessary, and the medication should be discontinued if kidney function significantly declines. Alcohol can increase the risk of side effects from this medication, so excessive consumption should be avoided. During pregnancy, it may affect the fetus, so it is essential to consult a physician, and if breastfeeding, the decision to use it should also be made after consulting with a specialist. Elderly patients and children require careful dosing adjustments and monitoring. When used in combination with other medications, it may alter blood sugar control, so any ongoing medications should be disclosed to healthcare providers. In cases of overdose, blood dialysis may be required, so immediate emergency care should be sought if overdose is suspected. This medication does not cause weight gain and may actually aid in weight management, but regular monitoring of blood glucose and blood tests is necessary to confirm treatment efficacy and safety.

Serious side effects

Severe lactic acidosis, hypoglycemia, rashes, dermatological reactions, liver dysfunction (jaundice), hypoglycemia, symptoms associated with lactic acidosis (fatigue, muscle pain, breathing difficulties, weakness, abdominal pain, decreased body temperature, hypotension, bradyarrhythmia), severe allergic reactions (such as rashes), severe diarrhea and vomiting that can cause azotemia.

Mild side effects

Gastrointestinal symptoms (diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal distension, loss of appetite, dyspepsia, constipation, abdominal pain), metallic taste, rash, anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, vitamin B12 deficiency, liver dysfunction, severe delayed hypoglycemia.

This medication is sensitive to air and moisture, so it must be stored in a tightly sealed container. It is advisable to maintain a storage temperature between 1 to 30 degrees Celsius. Proper storage will help preserve the medication's efficacy.

Appearance

White rectangular film-coated tablet

Package unit

Domestic: 500 tablets/bottle, 100 tablets/bottle, 30 tablets/bottle, Export: 500 tablets/bottle, 60 tablets/bottle, 60 tablets (10 tablets/PTPX6)