Artificial tears: 'A lot at once' vs. 'A little often' - which is better?

Winter is a particularly difficult season for the 2 million people with dry eye syndrome. The cold, dry weather exacerbates eye discomfort. While the causes of dry eye syndrome vary, the most common treatment is to moisturize dry eyes and supplement tear function with artificial tears. However, that doesn't mean it's not a problem. It is not good to use too much artificial tears at once. Learn how to use artificial tears correctly.

◇If you put too much in at once, stability will decrease… Just one drop at a time

Let's start by understanding the principles of dry eye. Dry eye is a condition in which tear production decreases for various reasons, or even if tears are produced abundantly, their composition changes, resulting in various symptoms, including dry eyes. Dr. Jinyoung Choi, director of Irium Eye Clinic, explains, "Tears are composed of three layers: an oil layer, an aqueous layer, and the lowest, a mucin layer." He adds, "If the aqueous layer is deficient or the oil layer is unstable, dry eye occurs." Artificial tears are used to supplement the aqueous layer. However, it is not recommended to use excessive amounts without consulting a doctor.

Dr. Choi stated, "While applying large amounts of artificial tears all at once to maintain moisture may be beneficial for the aqueous layer, the mucin layer may become less stable. This can destabilize the tear layer, leading to dryness. Furthermore, the effect is not proportional to the amount applied." Excessive use of artificial tears without consulting a doctor and monitoring the progress is not very helpful.

As with other eye drops, it is best to use only one drop of artificial tears at a time. Just one drop is enough to see results. Instead, it's important to carry it with you at all times and apply it frequently whenever you feel dryness. It's also effective to apply a drop in advance when symptoms are likely to occur. For example, if your eyes water when exposed to the wind, apply it before going out. If your eyes feel dry or fatigued after reading for a long time, apply it before reading. When using artificial tears, you should discard the first 1-2 drops as microplastics may be mixed in during the opening process. It's also best to choose a type that's comfortable for your eyes. Get an eye exam to receive a prescription for the right product and ensure proper application.

◇If you have a problem with your meibomian glands, try warm compresses and eyelid cleaning.

Dry eye is often caused by problems with the meibomian glands. Meibomian glands are oil glands located inside the eyelids, secreting lipids that prevent excessive tear evaporation. However, when the meibomian glands are continually exposed to bacteria and waste, the lipids harden. This causes the meibomian gland passages to disappear, destabilizing the tear film and causing dry eyes. Dr. Choi Jin-young, a dermatologist, explains, "For people with meibomian gland dysfunction, using artificial tears can provide temporary relief, but it doesn't provide a fundamental solution." He adds, "Cleansing the eyelids can help." For effective results, the method is crucial.

Dr. Choi said, "First, warm your eyes to melt the oil. Then, with your eyes closed, slightly lift your upper eyelids and gently wipe the area where your eyelashes grow." In fact, a Harvard Medical School study found that 15 minutes of warm compresses on dry eye patients increased the lipid content of their tear film, improving dryness. Those who frequently experience eyelid inflammation, in particular, may be suffering from eyelid parasites. Dr. Choi added, "For these individuals, using a cleanser containing tea tree oil to clean the area should improve the condition."