Custom Front Tooth Crown
4.997 reviews
17Cashdoc unified search page
6,209 search results for 성북구 치과 충치치료
Hospital events 20 items
View moreDiscount rate30% Event price₩450,000Regular price₩650,000 Sky Dental ClinicSeoul Q&A 3Views 35,471 4.997 reviews17
Liangjang Cavity Treatment
Discount rate47% Event price₩190,000Regular price₩360,000 Lien Dental ClinicSeoul Q&A 5Views 230,407 134
Bright White Smile, Whitening Specialist New En Dental!
Event price₩120,000 Newen Dental ClinicSeoul Q&A 1Views 54,492 5173 reviews68
A place that treats cavities painlessly
Event price₩70,000 Yonsei Good Day Dental ClinicSeoul Q&A 0Views 14 1
Community 6,154 items
View moreI felt like I had put off getting my cavity treated at Seoul Miso Dental Clinic for nothing.[30]
I was always scared of the dentist because of the distinctive sound. I had been putting it off, especially because of the anesthesia or pain. The throbbing sensation got worse every time I drank something cold, so I eventually visited Seoul Miso Dental Clinic in Sinlim. Until I go What if the treatment hurts? I wonder if they are recommending this and that additional treatment for no reason. That thought was the biggest. However, the atmosphere at Seoul Miso Dental Clinic's Sinlim branch was different from what I expected right from the start. The staff were also calm. The director showed me the condition of my teeth in person and explained why treatment is necessary. The words that are particularly memorable It was, “Since we are at this stage, we can finish it simply.” Hearing that, I realized I had been scared for no reason. The treatment actually finished much faster than I expected, and There was almost no pain either. After returning I wondered why I had thought about it for so long. If you have similar concerns, I would like to recommend that Seoul Miso Dental Clinic's Sillim branch is worth a visit.
기춘이26.04.27Views 68Likes 4 I am satisfied with the cavity treatment at Gounni Dental Clinic in Dong-gu.[3]
I visited Gounni Dental Clinic for cavity treatment, and overall, it was a very satisfying experience. First of all, the staff were kind and attentive from the moment I arrived at the reception, which gave me a great first impression. The waiting time was short, allowing me to receive treatment comfortably. Before starting the treatment, they thoroughly checked the condition of my teeth and explained in detail, using photos, where the cavities were located, making it easy to understand. I was impressed by how considerate the patient's perspective was throughout the treatment, and I felt less burdened because the process was conducted meticulously to ensure I felt no pain. I also felt a sense of trust as they continuously checked to see if I was experiencing any discomfort. Furthermore, they provided detailed instructions on post-treatment precautions and care methods, which I believe will be very helpful for my future dental care. Overall, I could really feel the kindness and professionalism here, so I would like to recommend this place to anyone who has found visiting the dentist burdensome.
김보현26.04.20Views 59Likes 1 
Review of child's cavity treatment at Kidsni Dental Clinic in Nowon-gu[6]
I visited Kidsni Dental Clinic at Nowon Station because of my child's cavity. I always get nervous going to the dentist with my child, but the atmosphere here was comfortable from the start, so my child was less scared. Before treatment, they kindly explained everything at my child's eye level, and they continuously checked on the condition during the treatment, which put my mind at ease as a parent. My child had one cavity treated perfectly, and I was even more satisfied because they said it wasn't as painful as they expected. Above all, not only the medical staff but also the employees were generally kind, so I had a pleasant visit. My child even said they would come back next time, so I think I will trust them and keep visiting. I would like to recommend this place to anyone looking for a dental clinic for their child near Nowon Station 😊
이은영26.04.20Views 64Likes 0 
Review of cavity treatment at Ace Dental Clinic[4]
I had been visiting various hospitals for cavity treatment, and I was suffering a lot because the treatment I received at the cheapest place I went to was done poorly. Fortunately, an acquaintance recommended Ace Dental Clinic, so I visited. They really don't over-treat and provide meticulous and kind care, so it is a clinic I continue to visit. Everyone is kind, but the manager is a true veteran and incredibly friendly, so it is a hospital I trust and go to. My cavity treatment went well, so I am living my life without any discomfort.
지원이26.04.02Views 56Likes 1
Expert columns 23 items
View more[Health Column] Why Do Teeth Whitening Costs Vary from Dental Clinic to Clinic? Selection Criteria from an Expert ✨[3]
hello! Lee Hyun-seop, Chief Director of Seoul Centum Dental Clinic no see. White teeth revealed when smiling brightly are everyone's dream. Perhaps that is why many people are considering teeth whitening. When you actually receive counseling "Why are the costs so different at every dental clinic?" You will likely have questions. You felt anxious looking only for cheap places, but found expensive ones burdensome, right? 📌Today, the secret behind that cost difference and Criteria for Choosing Fail-Proof Teeth Whitening I will organize it thoroughly for you! 1. Why is it difficult to simply compare teeth whitening treatment costs? This is because teeth whitening is more than just a procedure of applying medication. Many people think, "Aren't all skin whitening treatments the same?" but in reality, there are really many factors to consider. Key causes of cost differences It is as follows. Concentration and ingredients of whitening agents : The results vary depending on the quality of the medication used. 🧪 Equipment used : Whitening efficiency is determined by the type of LED or light equipment. ⚡ Number of procedures and time : This is because the number of times required varies depending on the individual's degree of discoloration. Medical staff proficiency : The key is how precisely the gum protectant is applied and how evenly the procedure is performed. 💡 A word from the Director: Even procedures with the same name can vary widely in value depending on how they are performed! 2. What is the right teeth whitening method for me? 🦷 Professional whitening versus at-home whitening; the choice depends on your purpose. Teeth whitening generally comes in two main paths. Choose the one that best suits your situation! ✔️ Professional Teeth Whitening (Dental Procedure) At the dental clinic High-concentration whitening agent and beam equipment Proceed quickly using . It is effective when you want noticeable changes in a short period of time (job interviews, weddings, etc.). ✨ Medical staff apply the gum protectant directly, ensuring safety and high color uniformity. ✔️ At-home teeth whitening (home care) In a mold made by a dentist Low-concentration whitening agent Put it in and manage it yourself at home. It brightens slowly, but is relatively inexpensive and great for consistent maintenance. 🏠 3. Why do the results come out differently even though the price is the same? 🦷 This is due to differences in individual dental conditions and treatment expertise. The reason why results differ even with similar costs Causes of tooth discoloration It's because everyone is different. 🔍 Simple food discoloration lightens quickly, but, Discoloration caused by antibiotics Ina Old discoloration silver Repeat procedures are necessary You can do it. Whether a smooth, stain-free result is achieved depends on how precisely the whitening agent is applied and the quality of the product used. Rather than simply looking at the price tag, A place that accurately identifies the cause of my discoloration and creates a customized plan It is important to find it! 4. What precautions must you check before whitening? 🦷 Teeth whitening is safe only if the condition of your teeth is confirmed to be healthy. ⚠️ You cannot whiten your teeth immediately without any conditions. If you have any of the symptoms below, you must receive treatment first. If you have cavities or gum inflammation : The whitening agent may cause severe pain upon contact. 🦷 In cases of severe sensitivity : Caution is required as sensitivity may temporarily increase after whitening. During pregnancy and breastfeeding : We recommend postponing whitening treatments if possible. 5. What are the best tips for maintaining the effects for a long time? 🦷 Post-procedure care is the finishing touch to whitening! ☕🚫 Lifestyle habits are really important to maintain brighter teeth for a long time. Avoid foods that cause discoloration : Please avoid foods with strong coloring, such as coffee, wine, and curry. Making straw use a part of daily life : It reduces the surface area where beverages come into direct contact with the teeth. Thorough hygiene management : If you brush your teeth immediately after meals and practice quitting smoking and moderation in drinking, it will last much longer. ✨ FAQ Q1. Does teeth become very sensitive after teeth whitening? ? A1. You may experience a cold sensation due to temporary hypersensitivity, but it usually disappears naturally within a few days. If done under the supervision of a professional, you don't need to worry too much. 😊 Q2. Are over-the-counter whitening products also effective? ? A2. Unverified products have unclear concentrations and pose a risk of irritating the gums or causing burns. For your safety, be sure to consult with a dentist and use certified products! conclusion Teeth Whitening Treatment: 3 Things More Important Than Cost Teeth whitening goes beyond simply making teeth whiter; your confidence This is a treatment that helps you find it. Cost is important, but make sure to check at least these three things! Is this method suitable for my dental condition? Is it possible to sufficiently reach the desired color? Is the follow-up care systematic? If you want to change your first impression with a bright smile, please make a careful choice by considering the quality of the overall process and the result together, rather than comparing prices alone. Consult with an expert anytime if you have any questions! 👨⚕️✨ Seoul Centum Dental Clinic Chief Director Lee Hyun-seop Specialist in Integrated Dentistry Graduated from Korea University Master of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University College of Dentistry Regular member of the Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology Regular member of the Korean Endodontic Society Regular member of the Korean Academy of Integrated Dentistry Member of the American Academy of Aesthetic Dentistry (AACD) Member of the American Academy of Implant Dentistry (AAID) Full member of the International Congress of Implantologists (ICOI) Experience in placing over 17,000 implants Possesses extensive overseas experience visiting over 10 countries Experience with numerous complex implant cases Read other health columns by Director Lee Hyun-seop > [Health Column] Why Are Impacted Wisdom Teeth a Problem? Pain, Inflammation, and Damage at a Glance [Health Column] Curious about implant lifespan? How long can they be used? [Health Column] I heard there are so many types of implant bone grafts… What criteria should I use to choose one?
이현섭 원장26.04.15Views 1743Likes 3 [Health Column] Is Dental Resin Treatment Possible for a Broken Molar? A Guide from Costs to Treatment Standards ✨[11]
hello! Lee Hyun-seop, Chief Director of Seoul Centum Dental Clinic no see. When a tooth is slightly chipped or cracked, there is a question that many people ask first. as soon as Couldn't we just do it simply with resin? This is the part I am doing. Many people prefer resin due to its low cost and the ability to complete treatment on the same day, but in reality, its feasibility clearly depends on the condition of the teeth. Today, I will easily explain the criteria for resin treatment for fractured molars! 🦷 ( Fracture (It refers to a condition where part of the tooth is chipped or cracked!) 1. In what cases is dental resin treatment possible? ? 🦷 It is most effective when the extent of tooth damage is small and in the early stages. . Resin offers excellent aesthetics because it involves directly filling the tooth with a material similar in color. I mainly recommend this for the following situations. 📌 Fine cracks: In the case of a very thin crack on the surface of a tooth 📌 Small fracture: In cases where a small part of the tooth is chipped off 📌 Early tooth decay: When the rotten area is not large and can be filled immediately after removal 📌 Deficit Supplement: When part of the front teeth or molars is lost 💡 A word from the Director! If it is in the early stages, the biggest appeal of resin is that it allows for treatment while preserving natural teeth as much as possible! 2. Why are small cracks, which seem insignificant, dangerous? ? 🦷 Teeth lack the ability to heal themselves, so if left untreated, a small problem will eventually become a major one. . Even tiny cracks that are barely visible should be treated with caution if they send the following signals. ✔️ Instantly when chewing food A tingling sensation ✔️ The sensation when eating cold water or hot food A brief chill ✔️ Especially on specific areas The sensation of food getting stuck ⚠️ Be careful! The cracks in the teeth gradually deepen over time. If you cannot resolve it with resin in time Inlay, Crown, Root Canal Treatment Beyond the worst case implants You might have to do up to that. You should consider resin as a treatment to be done 'in advance when possible'. 3. What causes teeth to break? ? 🦷 Not only accidents but also trivial daily habits can make your teeth diseased. . Molars are where chewing force is concentrated, so even small damage can quickly escalate. Watch out for the following minor habits! ❄️ Bite the ice: The habit of crushing hard ice with teeth 🦀 Hard food: Enjoying tough and hard foods such as marinated crab and nuts 🦷 bad habit: Teeth grinding or unconsciously clenching teeth while sleeping 📉 Other factors: Areas weakened by cavities or natural weakening due to aging 4. How do dentists find invisible gold? ? 🦷 Even cracks that are difficult to identify with the naked eye can be detected through precise inspection. all. 🔹 Coloration Test: Confirm the location by letting the pigment seep into the crack. 🔹 Optical Inspection: It uses a special light reaction to locate areas where bacteria have proliferated or cracks have formed. 🔹 CT Scan: We provide the most accurate diagnosis by assessing the depth and extent of the gold in three dimensions. 5. Resin vs. Inlay/Crown, How to Choose ? 🦷 Resin is not necessarily the best option; you must choose the 'appropriate' treatment for your tooth condition. . division Resin treatment Inlay / Crown Applicable to small crack, minor fracture When the extent of damage is large or root canal treatment is required Key Features Fast treatment, low cost High durability and withstands strong chewing forces FAQ Q1. I've heard that resin fillings on molars fall off easily. Is that true? ? A1. Durability has improved compared to the past due to advancements in materials and adhesive technology. However, since molars are subjected to strong chewing forces, if the fracture is too extensive, inlays or crowns may last longer and remain strong than resin. Q2. I have a cracked tooth, but if it doesn't hurt, is it okay to just leave it alone? ? A2. Even if there is no pain, the crack continues to progress. By the time you feel pain, there is a high probability that the nerve has already been fractured, so getting a checkup and reinforcing it with resin when there are no symptoms is the most economical and safest method. conclusion Timing is key to dental health! Once damaged, teeth do not heal on their own. If you keep putting it off thinking, "This much should be fine," you might miss the opportunity to finish it with a simple resin treatment. ✨ Just remember this! Reduce the habit of eating hard foods and crunching on ice If You Grind Your Teeth, Use a Mouthguard Detecting abnormalities early through regular checkups If you experience even the slightest tooth sensitivity or tingling, we recommend that you get it checked at a nearby dental clinic before it is too late. Seoul Centum Dental Clinic Chief Director Lee Hyun-seop Specialist in Integrated Dentistry Graduated from Korea University Master of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University College of Dentistry Regular member of the Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology Regular member of the Korean Endodontic Society Regular member of the Korean Academy of Integrated Dentistry Member of the American Academy of Aesthetic Dentistry (AACD) Member of the American Academy of Implant Dentistry (AAID) Full member of the International Congress of Implantologists (ICOI) Experience in placing over 17,000 implants Possesses extensive overseas experience visiting over 10 countries Experience with numerous complex implant cases Read other health columns by Director Lee Hyun-seop > [Health Column] Why Are Impacted Wisdom Teeth a Problem? Pain, Inflammation, and Damage at a Glance [Health Column] Curious about implant lifespan? How long can they be used? [Health Column] I heard there are so many types of implant bone grafts… What criteria should I use to choose one?
이현섭 원장26.03.25Views 1781Likes 3 [Health Column] Why Is the Cost of Implant Revision Surgery More Expensive Than the Initial One? The Real Reason Explained by a Dental Specialist
hello! Lee Hyun-seop, Chief Director of Seoul Centum Dental Clinic no see. There are many people who expect that once they have implant surgery, they will be able to use them reliably for a lifetime or for a very long time. In fact, if you provide thorough after-sales service, there are many cases where you can use it stably for over 10 years without any issues. However, unfortunately, situations often arise where you face the cost of implant revision surgery due to a lack of aftercare or sudden gum inflammation. "I already spent a lot of money on surgery, do I have to do it again?", "Why is the cost of revision surgery higher than the first time?" My heart feels heavy whenever I receive questions from patients who are upset, saying things like that. So today, I will clearly explain, tailored to the patient's perspective, exactly why implant revision surgery costs arise and in what cases the cost difference is significant! 1. What are the main causes that lead to implant revision surgery? The main reasons for needing to re-implant an implant include peri-implantitis (inflammation of the surrounding gums), fracture of the prosthesis, and failure of initial fixation. 📌 The most common culprit, peri-implantitis The most common reason for deciding on revision surgery is peri-implantitis. Inflammation of the gums and bone surrounding the implant can lead to bone resorption, where the alveolar bone responsible for firmly supporting the implant erodes. Initially, it starts mildly with gum bleeding or slight swelling, but if left untreated, it eventually leads to the implant becoming severely loose. 📌 Damage to prosthetics and structures due to excessive force If you enjoy eating hard and chewy foods or if excessive force is continuously applied to the oral cavity, structural damage such as breakage of the prosthesis or loosening of internal screws may occur. If you visit a dentist early, this problem can be resolved relatively simply, but if you delay and neglect it for a long time, it will eventually lead to implant revision surgery, resulting in much higher costs. 📌 Initial fixation failure due to failure to properly fuse with bone Immediately after implant surgery, the process of 'osseointegration,' in which the gum bone and the implant firmly bond as one unit, is extremely important. However, there are cases where implants fail to properly anchor to the bone due to factors such as excessive smoking or drinking after surgery, failure to control diabetes, or insufficient initial post-operative care. 2. What are some abnormal implant symptoms that absolutely should not be overlooked? If you experience gum bleeding, looseness, food getting stuck, or feel looseness or discomfort when chewing, you should get a check-up promptly without delay. . If you feel any subtle changes or discomfort in your mouth, you must never dismiss it by assuming it will get better on its own. Whether initial response This is because it is the key factor determining the difference in the cost of implant revision surgery. 🔹 My gums keep bleeding every time I brush my teeth. 🔹 I feel like my implant tooth is slightly loose. 🔹 Food keeps getting stuck between my teeth more than before. 🔹 When chewing food with enjoyment, it feels inexplicably uncomfortable and aching. 🔹 I feel a slight looseness that is different from when the prosthesis was first placed. If you experience even one of the symptoms mentioned above, visiting a dentist promptly to check your condition is the wisest way to significantly reduce the difficulty of treatment and the cost of re-surgery. 3. Why is the cost of implant revision surgery more expensive than the initial surgery? This is because revision surgery is not simply about re-implanting the implant, but involves complex recovery treatments simultaneously, such as the removal of the existing implant, treatment of inflammation, and bone grafting. ! Many people ask, "Why is it more expensive than the first time when the dentist is just implanting it exactly the same way?" Implant revision surgery is by no means a simple process of just pulling it out and quickly re-implanting it. This is because the root cause of the problem with the existing implant must be accurately identified, the area damaged by inflammation restored to normal, and the re-implantation process must be repeated from the beginning. When actually performing the surgery Unlike the initial surgery, the following complicated treatment processes are added. 🔸 Removal of existing implants : The problematic existing fixture (artificial tooth root) already embedded in the gums must be cleanly removed. At this point, the difficulty varies widely depending on whether it simply pops out or requires surgical removal that involves cutting away the alveolar bone. 🔸 Treatment of surrounding inflammation : If the implant is filled with peri-implantitis, you must undergo treatment to completely scrape out the surrounding infected tissue and clean the area thoroughly. 🔸 Bone grafting and maxillary sinus lift : If the gum bone has already been severely lost due to inflammation, bone grafting or sinus lift surgery is essential to refill the bone and create a foundation for placing a new implant. 🔸 Re-implantation surgery and prosthetic remanufacturing : We re-implant a new implant into the firmly restored alveolar bone, and completely redesign and fabricate the abutment and crown to suit the patient's current oral condition. 💡 Implant Revision Surgery Cost Formula at a Glance [Surgical removal of existing implant + Treatment for inflammation and gum recovery + Advanced bone grafting + Re-implantation of new implant and fabrication of prosthesis] In the end, all of this Existing treatment + recovery treatment + retreatment Because the process involves complex steps performed simultaneously, the overall cost of the implant revision surgery is inevitably higher than the initial cost. 4. Is it true that the cost of revision surgery varies from person to person and that a complete removal might not be necessary? 🦷 🦷Yes, that is true! The cost varies depending on the extent of inflammation and bone loss, and we can reduce the financial burden by replacing only the upper components instead of extracting the entire bone. ! This is precisely why it is difficult to get a clear, fixed price even if you call a dental clinic out of the blue and ask, "How much does implant revision surgery cost?" The exact cost of revision surgery is as follows: Individual patient's oral environment and precise examination results This is because it varies completely depending on. Extent of inflammation and degree of alveolar bone (gum bone) loss Difficulty of removing existing implants Whether bone grafting and maxillary sinus lift are performed Number of implants requiring re-implantation Fortunately, not all patients necessarily have to undergo the terrifying surgery of digging out the entire thing and replanting it. Depending on the condition, treatment is neatly divided into two main directions. ✔️ Cases where only parts can be modified or replaced (relatively low burden) Fortunately, if the gum bone is very strong and there is a simple problem only with the upper prosthesis, an internal screw has loosened, or it is only slightly damaged, there is absolutely no need to extract the entire tooth. Since only some parts need to be simply repaired or replaced, the pain and cost burden are significantly reduced. ⚠️ Cases where full revision surgery is essential (somewhat high burden) If peri-implantitis has progressed severely, causing significant bone resorption in the surrounding area, or if the fixture itself within the gum bone is completely fractured and damaged, it is necessary to surgically remove the entire existing structure completely before proceeding with re-implantation, which increases both the difficulty and the cost. 5. What is the best management method to definitely reduce the cost of implant revision surgery? The most perfect way to save money is regular checkups every 6 months to 1 year, thorough follow-up care using dental floss and interdental brushes, and quitting smoking. The greatest secret to drastically reducing the cost of implant revision surgery and protecting your wallet is ultimately adhering to the basic principle of 'thorough initial care.' If you meticulously follow just the following three rules in your mouth, you can completely avoid the risk of revision surgery. ✨ Make regular dental checkups every 6 months to 1 year a part of your daily routine! You must never skip the regular check-up schedule provided by the dental clinic. If invisible, microscopic gum inflammation or loosening of dental prosthetics is detected early when they are still very small, you can avoid major re-surgery and prevent extensive treatment with simple measures, allowing you to enjoy a luxurious experience. ✨ Much more meticulous oral hygiene care than natural teeth! Since implant teeth do not have nerves, caring for the surrounding gums is much more important than for natural teeth. Since regular brushing alone cannot remove all the fine debris stuck in the crevices, you must carry a set of dental floss, interdental brushes, and water flossers (oral irrigators) to consistently and thoroughly clean every nook and cranny. ✨ Thoroughly manage smoking that slowly melts away your gum bone! Smoking is a terrifying culprit that drastically increases the frequency of peri-implantitis, which causes inflammation around implants, and explosively raises the risk of bone resorption, where the gum bone collapses. In particular, you must firmly avoid smoking, which is harmful in every way, immediately after implant surgery or during the sensitive initial settling period, in order to safely preserve the foundation of your precious teeth. FAQ Q1. If the gums around the implant bleed, do I absolutely have to have them all extracted and undergo re-surgery? ? A1. No! There is absolutely no need to be scared right from the start. In cases of early-stage periodontal inflammation characterized by bleeding gums, or simply loose screws or minor damage to the upper prosthesis, treatment is possible without the need to extract the entire tooth; only specific parts can be neatly modified or replaced, allowing for burden-free treatment. However, if the bone has already severely eroded, a full re-operation may be necessary, so it is important to undergo a thorough examination immediately upon discovery. Q2. Why does smoking after implant surgery increase the likelihood of re-surgery and cost more money? ? A2. This is because smoking constricts blood vessels in the mouth, fatally interfering with the most critical process of 'osseofusion,' where the gum bone and the implant must adhere tightly as one. This leads to an uncontrollable increase in the risk of peri-implantitis and bone resorption, ultimately resulting in the burden of massive revision surgery costs where the entire implant structure must be removed and bone grafting must be performed again from the beginning due to the failure of initial fixation. conclusion The cost of implant revision surgery is by no means a one-dimensional expense of simply implanting a new artificial tooth component. This is a comprehensive treatment fee that includes a highly specialized recovery process to safely and healthily normalize the gum environment and alveolar bone foundation, which have been severely collapsed and damaged due to inflammation. Therefore, the most certain key point to prevent frightening side effects and massive waste of money is the speed of catching subtle abnormal signals before the problem snowballs. Don't carelessly miss the timing by thinking, "It doesn't hurt yet, so it'll be fine," or "Even if I feel a slight wavering, I'm busy, so I'll go later." The habit of visiting a dental professional without delay to have your condition thoroughly checked when you feel even slight shaking or minor discomfort. This is truly the best wisdom for fully protecting your precious dental health and, consequently, definitely saving the biggest costs. Seoul Centum Dental Clinic Chief Director Lee Hyun-seop Specialist in Integrated Dentistry Graduated from Korea University Master of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University College of Dentistry Regular member of the Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology Regular member of the Korean Endodontic Society Regular member of the Korean Academy of Integrated Dentistry Member of the American Academy of Aesthetic Dentistry (AACD) Member of the American Academy of Implant Dentistry (AAID) Full member of the International Congress of Implantologists (ICOI) Experience in placing over 17,000 implants Possesses extensive overseas experience visiting over 10 countries Experience with numerous complex implant cases Read other health columns by Director Lee Hyun-seop > [Health Column] Why Are Impacted Wisdom Teeth a Problem? Pain, Inflammation, and Damage at a Glance [Health Column] Curious about implant lifespan? How long can they be used? [Health Column] I heard there are so many types of implant bone grafts… What criteria should I use to choose one?
이현섭 원장26.05.21Views 339Likes 0 [Health Column] Great Tips for Choosing a Dental Clinic! “Does this place have an in-house laboratory?”[1]
hello. Director Jae-wook Jeong of Gangnam Saero Dental Clinic no see. 👋 Before receiving prosthetic treatment such as implants or crowns "What if it feels too foreign?", "Will it fall off or break easily?" You must have worried about that at least once. 😢 Dental prosthetics that restore tooth function are absolutely not items simply mass-produced mechanically in a factory. ❌ It must perfectly reflect the unique oral structure, gum line, and even the minute occlusal state of each patient. Ultra-precision results That is because of this. ✨ The most important criterion for determining the quality of these custom prosthetics is checking whether the dental clinic has an 'in-house laboratory'. 🔍 1. Why is organic collaboration between dental clinics and laboratories so important? ? 👋 The most perfect prosthetics are created when the dentist's accurate diagnosis meets the laboratory's skilled fabrication techniques in real time. 🛑 Communication limitations created by physical distance Dental clinics diagnose and treat the patient's condition, while dental laboratories play the role of making the actual prosthetics. Most dental clinics tend to outsource fabrication to external laboratories. 🚚 In this case, since communication between the doctor and the dental technician is conducted solely through documents or models, detailed communication is inevitably limited due to the physical distance. ⚡ The perfect fit created by real-time communication On the other hand, inside the dental clinic In-house laboratory If you operate it, medical staff and dental technicians Communicate in real time You can do it. 💡The patient's oral condition and specific details can be immediately reflected in the manufacturing process, dramatically increasing the precision of the prosthesis beyond mere efficiency. 2. What are the three direct benefits that an in-house dental laboratory provides to patients? ? 👋 From 1:1 custom fabrication to shortened lead times and immediate repairs, we dramatically reduce patients' time and inconvenience. 🔸 Precise 1:1 custom production 🦷 We finely adjust everything from minute height differences of the prosthesis to color harmony with surrounding teeth and shape. You can experience comfortable and natural aesthetics, just as if they were your original teeth. 🥰 🔸 Significant reduction in treatment duration and number of visits 🗓️ The entire shipping and waiting process for sending and receiving prosthetics from an external laboratory is eliminated! As production time is reduced, the uncomfortable period of living with temporary teeth is also significantly shortened, relieving the burden of visiting the clinic for busy modern people. 🔸 Immediate repairs and corrections without waiting 🛠️ If the height is slightly off or you feel discomfort while using the prosthesis, there is no need to send it back outside. After verification with the in-house dental technician You can make immediate corrections on the spot. Therefore, the hassle of having to wait for several days disappears. 3. How do advanced digital CAD/CAM systems improve accuracy? ? 👋 In prosthetic treatment, what is ultimately more important than speed is 'accuracy that does not allow for even a 1mm error.' The meeting of digital equipment and craftsmanship 🤝 At Gangnam Saero Dental Clinic, things that are easy for the human eye to miss Advanced digital CAD/CAM system that captures errors of less than 1mm We have introduced and are operating it. 💻 Ensuring stability through computer simulation 📊 The know-how of skilled dental technicians is combined with precise digital equipment to achieve an even more perfect fit. Because it undergoes a computer simulation process in advance, it boasts the remarkable effect of significantly reducing the foreign body sensation when actually fitted in the oral cavity and extending the lifespan of the prosthesis. ⭐ Criteria for Choosing a Wise Dental Clinic 🎯 If you want satisfactory and long-lasting prosthetic treatment, rather than simply looking at the size of the dental clinic Systematic digital in-house dental system Please make sure to check if it is properly equipped! 📌 ❓ FAQ Q1. Why is an in-house lab more precise than outsourcing to an external lab? 🤔 A1. External dental laboratories proceed with fabrication based solely on the production request form and tooth impressions (models) sent by the dental clinic. On the other hand, in-house laboratories have medical staff and dental technicians Communicate in real-time while directly seeing the patient's actual oral condition, unique tooth color, and even translucency. Because of this, minute errors are corrected on-site, making it much more precise and natural. ✨ Q2. If the prosthesis breaks or causes discomfort, how many more days do I have to wait? 📅 A2. While there may be slight variations depending on the appointment schedule or treatment status, having an in-house laboratory significantly reduces your waiting time! In most cases Immediate corrections and repairs are possible after verification on the same day. This reduces the inconvenience of having to visit the clinic multiple times and minimizes the discomfort of temporary teeth used until the final prosthesis is ready. 😌 Q3. What are the advantages of Gangnam Saero Dental Clinic's digital CAD/CAM system? 💻 A3. Since precision design and processing are performed using digital equipment, the sensation of foreign objects in the oral cavity is significantly reduced. 📉 It controls even minute errors that humans easily miss to achieve perfect fit, and as it is precisely crafted You can use your prosthetics with peace of mind for much longer. There are advantages to what you can do. 👍 📝 conclusion Prosthetic treatment goes beyond simply filling or crowning teeth; it is a process of restoring precious chewing function, which is directly linked to quality of life. 🍏 Able to quickly and precisely fabricate prosthetics that fit my mouth perfectly without going through an external outsourcing process Presence or absence of an in-house dental laboratory Make sure to carefully check this! 🔍 ✨Above all, for safe treatment tailored to my gum condition and occlusion, a doctor with extensive clinical experience Precise consultation with a prosthodontics specialist Please make sure to remember that this must take precedence. 👨⚕️ Gangnam Saero Dental Clinic Director Jeong Jae-wook Ministry of Health and Welfare Prosthodontics Specialist Graduate of Yonsei University College of Dentistry Master's degree from Yonsei University Graduate School of Dentistry Intern at Yonsei University Severance Hospital (Sinchon), completed Prosthodontics residency Certified and Regular Member of the Korean Academy of Prosthodontics Outstanding member of the Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology (KAOMI) Regular member of the Korean Academy of Temporomandibular Joint and Occlusion Member of the Korean Academy of Aesthetic Dentistry Former Adjunct Professor, Yonsei University College of Dentistry Former Representative Director of Yonsei Good Day Dental Clinic Yangjae Branch Current Board Member, Specialist Committee, and Academic Affairs Committee Member of the Korean Academy of Prosthodontics Current Director of Academic Planning, Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology (KAOMI) View more of Director Jung Jae-wook's expert columns > [Health Column] No-prep Veneers, Are They Really 'No Prep'? A Summary of Key Points You Must Know [Health Column] Airnate – Why Minimally Removed Tooth Reshaping is Possible in Just One Week If you would like to check the causes of bad breath and your oral condition in more detail with Director Jae-wook Jeong of Gangnam Saero Dental Clinic >
정재욱 원장26.05.20Views 245Likes 1
![[Health Column] Why Do Teeth Whitening Costs Vary from Dental Clinic to Clinic? Selection Criteria from an Expert ✨](https://media.nudge-community.com/9786095)
![[Health Column] Great Tips for Choosing a Dental Clinic! “Does this place have an in-house laboratory?”](https://media.nudge-community.com/9757876)
Treatment/surgery tips 12 items
View moreAn A-to-Z Guide to Inlay Dental Treatment
Inlay treatment is a treatment that removes cavities and then attaches a custom-made prosthesis to the tooth. Although it looks like a “cavity treatment” on the outside, the manufacturing and bonding process is quite elaborate. Understanding the process will reduce anxiety before treatment and make it easier to make decisions when receiving explanations. What is inlay treatment? The area of the cavity is too large to be filled with resin When a slightly stronger material is needed, the treatment of choice is an inlay. After removing the cavity, a mold is taken and a separately manufactured prosthesis is attached. How is inlay treatment done? ① Cavity removal & surface cleaning Carefully remove the rotten area so as not to irritate the inflamed area. Afterwards, the surface is smoothed to remove any sharp edges. This step must be done neatly so that the subsequent inlays fit accurately. ② 3D scanner & AI design Nowadays, 3D oral scanners are used to scan the condition of your teeth. AI program designs inlay shape based on scan data The important point here AI automatically adjusts the edges, but the dentist or dental technician must make fine adjustments. Inlays are less automated than crowns, so you can design them yourself by importing a basic shape. Design time takes about 5 to 10 minutes ③ Material selection & inlay production Available materials Ceramic zirconia Nanoresin In this case, nanoresin selection The intensity is somewhat low, but The cost burden is relatively low in that environment. The machine carves the selected material block and completes the inlay production in about 4 minutes. since Edge trimming Clean up unnecessary parts Inlay Bonding, This Step is Especially Important (Caution) Surface treatment → Adhesion → Curing sandblast Make the inlay surface rough Make sure the adhesive penetrates well After applying the adhesive, cure it with blue light. The tooth surface is treated with an acid gel. Apply adhesive + cement again Final curing with blue light Precautions you must keep in mind If any protruding cement remains after bonding, Can cause severe inflammation of the gums so After it has hardened Carefully remove any protruding cement. Smooth surface finish This process completes the treatment. To summarize, you can understand it like this 🦷 Key Summary of Inlay Treatment If the cavity is large, an inlay may be an option. Custom design with 3D scanner and AI There are differences in strength and cost depending on the material. The production itself is quick, but the bonding and finishing process is very important. In particular, whether or not cement is cleaned is directly related to gum health. One-line summary Inlay treatment is not a “cut and paste” treatment, but a process that requires meticulous attention to detail from design, production, and adhesion.
캐시닥 운영진26.01.23Views 458Likes 0 Is your jaw okay?📌 A complete guide to TMJ pain, treatment, stretching, and correction[7]
Every time I yawn clicking sound When it hurts or when chewing food pain Do you feel it? if I've never even injured my jaw. If you were wondering why this is the case, please be sure to read this article. From the causes of temporomandibular joint disorders to treatment and stretching I organized it easily. 1. What is Temporomandibular Joint Disorder? Check the 3 Major Symptoms First Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD) is classified into three core symptoms that occur when using the jaw. Pain that occurs when at rest may not be a temporomandibular joint disorder, so it is important to distinguish between the two. ① Clicking sound ② Jaw joint pain ③ Difficulty opening mouth symptoms explanation Key point of occurrence Joint sounds (clicking sounds) Occurs when the disk slides forward and then flips back over. When chewing food, yawning, or opening the mouth wide jaw joint pain Pain around chewing muscles and joints When talking for a long time during a meal opening disability More than 3 fingers don't fit in my mouth Immediately after waking up in the morning, at mealtime ℹ️ Standard for normal mouth opening: Your own fingers If three go in vertically This is within the normal range. If it is below that, suspect a difficulty opening the mouth. 2. Cause – Daily habits, not trauma, are the problem. Many people I've never injured my jaw, so why did this happen? He asks. The main cause of temporomandibular joint disorder is Bad habits in daily life, not trauma It is a repeated accumulation of. Bruxism – Unconsciously grinding or clenching teeth during sleep The habit of chewing on only one side – Overload occurs on one side of the joint Enjoying hard foods – chewing squid, nuts, ice, etc. Resting your chin on your hand / Sleeping on your stomach – Continuous pressure on the joints Stress-induced teeth clenching – unconsciously clenching teeth while concentrating ⚠️ Note: Reversible change vs. Irreversible change : If not addressed early, the joints will wear out and become deformed Irreversible change (a state that cannot be restored to its original state) It may proceed as follows. Early response is key. 3. Comprehensive Summary of Jaw Joint Treatment Methods The treatment goal is Symptom relief and correction of bad habits It is. Step-by-step treatment is required depending on the condition. Treatment stages method characteristic Stage 1 (Conservative) Lifestyle improvement, physical therapy Low cost burden , significant effect at the reversible stage Step 2 (Device) Splint (mouthpiece) installation Custom fabrication required at the dental clinic, teeth grinding prevention Step 3 (Medication/Injection) Botox, anti-inflammatory drugs Fast effect, lasting effect 3~6 months Stage 4 (Correction/Surgery) Orthodontic treatment, jaw correction surgery Inevitable in the case of irreversible change, Specialist diagnosis required 💡 tip : If you do not have any difficulty eating, there is no need to be forced into treatment. When you feel uncomfortable and have the will to resolve it It is best to decide on a treatment. 4. Splint vs. Commercial Mouthpiece – Which One Should You Use? Many people are looking for mouthguards because of teeth grinding. However, Over-the-counter products are not only ineffective but actually worsen symptoms. You can make it happen. division Dental custom splint Mouthpieces available on the market texture Solid Acrylic (Custom Made) soft silicone effect Bruxism inhibition, joint load distribution Activate chewing muscles more strongly compatibility Precisely tailored to the individual's oral cavity Standard size, may not fit Recommendation Highly recommended Not recommended ⚠️ Why are soft mouthpieces bad? When you bite on a soft material, the brain issues a command to "chew harder." Eventually, teeth grinding worsening adverse effects It comes out. certainly Custom dental production Please receive it. 5. Botox Treatment – Effects and Limitations Botox temporarily weakens the chewing muscles (masseter muscles) Rapid relief of jaw joint pain do. Manifestation of effect : After the procedure 1~2 weeks I feel the strength draining from my jaw Duration : average 3~6 months Additional effect: You can also expect a slimming effect on your face (reducing square jawline). margin : It is not permanent, so re-treatment is necessary; it does not resolve the root cause. ℹ️ Understanding as a chronic disease Temporomandibular joint disorder is It is not a disease that can be completely cured with a single treatment. . It should be understood as a chronic disease requiring continuous management, like blood pressure, and lifestyle improvements must be implemented in parallel. 6. Jaw Joint Stretches to Do at Home If the symptoms are mild in the early stages Jaw joint stretching You can restore joint mobility. Open your mouth wide exercise The two movements of rotation and sliding must be performed simultaneously. 💡 Basic Stretching Methods Slowly open your mouth as wide as possible, then slowly close it (repeat 10 times) Slowly move your jaw from side to side (10 times in each direction) Stick your chin out and return it to its original position (10 times) Perform only within a pain-free range and do not overexert yourself. ⚠️ Precautions : Please refrain from stretching when the pain is severe or during the acute phase of inflammation. Be sure to perform this only within a pain-free range, and visit a dentist first if any abnormalities occur. 7. Cases where jaw joint correction is necessary The joints are worn out and deformed Irreversible change If this occurs, simple treatment alone is insufficient. symptoms explanation Need for correction open bite A state where the upper and lower front teeth are spaced apart and do not meet (for those who cannot eat cold noodles) Correction required Facial asymmetry Asymmetry in the face occurs due to wear and tear on one joint. Consider surgery malocclusion Misaligned teeth Review of orthodontic treatment Cases involving irreversible changes Jaw correction surgery + orthodontic treatment Parallel work may be necessary. certainly Precise diagnosis by a dental specialist Please receive it first. 8. Checklist for Timing Temporomandibular Joint Clinic Visits Among the items below If two or more apply Please find a temporomandibular joint clinic as soon as possible. check symptoms ☐ There is a clicking or clicking sound when opening the mouth. ☐ Three fingers don't fit vertically in my mouth. ☐ My jaw feels stiff when I wake up in the morning. ☐ My jaw hurts when eating or yawning ☐ Woke up with signs of teeth grinding (teeth grinding) ☐ It seems like the asymmetry between the left and right sides of my face has worsened. 💡 Great tips for choosing a hospital Temporomandibular joint disorder is absolutely Dentistry (Oral Medicine, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery) You must get a medical checkup at [location]. General orthopedic or Korean medicine treatments can be supplementary, but please obtain a diagnosis and treatment plan from a dental specialist. jaw joint problems If you keep overlooking it, it can lead to irreversible changes. Even if you are not feeling uncomfortable right now, please check your condition first using the checklist above. If you found this post helpful, please share it with others 😊 Is your jaw okay as it is right now? jaw joint pain Early detection is the best treatment. Visit to a temporomandibular joint clinic Do not put it off. Start today with jaw joint stretching and improving bad habits! View dental visit reviews for jaw problems in the Cashdoc Community > Kim's Dental Clinic in Ansan, Review of Son's Jaw Pain Treatment Uijeongbu Bonplant Dental Clinic, Satisfactory Treatment After Your Jaw Joint Concerns Cheongju Christmas Dental Clinic, warm treatment that heals the heart as well Experience in professional temporomandibular joint treatment at Yonsei On Oral Medicine & Dentistry in Bucheon
캐시닥 운영진26.03.31Views 99Likes 4 We will summarize everything about bruxism treatment in one go, from methods to costs.[4]
If your jaw feels stiff when you wake up in the morning or you frequently experience headaches, could you be grinding your teeth? Bruxism is a habit of unconsciously grinding or clenching teeth while sleeping, and in most cases, the person is unaware of it. In this article Bruxism Treatment Methods, Effectiveness, Cost, and How to Choose a Hospital We will organize everything for you at once. 1. Why does teeth grinding occur? Bruxism is not just a simple tooth problem Complex symptoms linked to overall health no see. Accumulation of stress and fatigue → Increased tension in the muscles around the jaw Incorrect sleeping posture and pillow → Upper cervical tension → Chain tension in jaw muscles Sleep after drinking → Increased frequency of teeth grinding Hypertonia of the temporalis and masticatory muscles → Leads to headaches and neck and shoulder pain If teeth grinding is left untreated for a long time, it can lead to tooth wear, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders, and even chronic headaches. Fast teeth grinding treatment It is important. 2. Bruxism Treatment Methods — Starting with what you can do at home Teeth Grinding Treatment Methods It is broadly divided into self-care and medical treatment. ✅ Self-care tips (Bedtime routine recommendations) Pillow height adjustment — High pillows cause the neck to bend forward, leading to jaw tension. Using a cervical pillow to tilt the neck slightly backward helps relieve jaw tension. Temporomandibular and masticatory muscle massage — Gently massage the temples (temporal muscles) and sides of the cheeks (masticatory muscles) for 2–3 minutes before going to bed. Jaw resistance stretching — Gently support the area under your chin with your hand and repeat slowly opening your mouth while applying resistance. massage around the clavicle and sternum — Effective for improving jaw lymphatic circulation Frontal head relaxation — Place your hand on your forehead and gently press from side to side while visualizing a stressful situation (relieving mental tension) 3. Bruxism Treatment Mouthpiece — The Most Commonly Selected Method bruxism treatment mouthpiece (oral device) is currently the most common treatment method. item detail principle It sits between teeth during sleep to prevent direct contact. effect Prevents tooth wear, reduces strain on the jaw joint, and relieves headaches. type Soft / Hard / Custom-made caution Compared to ready-made products on the market Custom-made for hospitals is superior in terms of effectiveness and durability. 💡 A mouthpiece is for teeth grinding It is not a treatment that resolves the root cause, but It is the most realistic way to protect your teeth and jaw joint. 4. Effects of Bruxism Treatment — What changes after treatment? If you receive consistent treatment for bruxism, you can experience the following changes. ✔ Reduces morning jaw stiffness ✔ Relief of chronic headaches and tension headaches ✔ Reduction of neck and shoulder pain ✔ Improvement of tooth wear and sensitivity symptoms ✔ Improve sleep quality ⚠ However, the effect of bruxism treatment Manage the causes (stress, posture, occlusion, etc.) together It becomes even higher when doing so. 5. Bruxism Treatment Cost — How much does it cost? Bruxism treatment costs It varies depending on the treatment method and the hospital. Treatment methods Estimated cost Insurance status Custom mouthpiece 150,000 to 500,000 won Non-covered Botox (masseter muscle reduction) 150,000–300,000 won/time Non-covered temporomandibular joint physical therapy 10,000–30,000 won/time Salary available Occlusal adjustment treatment Varies by hospital Partial salary 💡 If you are concerned about the cost, health insurance covers Start with jaw joint physical therapy Doing so is also a good method. 6. Bruxism Treatment Clinic — Where Should I Go? Bruxism treatment hospital The choice varies depending on the symptoms. Symptom-centered Recommended Departments Tooth wear and occlusion problems Dentistry (Oral Medicine, Prosthodontics) Jaw joint pain and sounds Dental and Oral Medicine Headache, cervical spine, muscle tension Pain Medicine, Korean Medicine Clinic, Rehabilitation Medicine Stress teeth grinding Can be combined with psychiatry 💡 Teeth grinding is Complex causes Since this is often the case, rather than a single subject Hospitals capable of collaborative treatment This is ideal. If left untreated, teeth grinding can lead not only to tooth damage but also to headaches and temporomandibular joint disorders. The one introduced today Start with self-care methods And if the symptoms persist, please visit a specialized bruxism treatment clinic! See more concerns and reviews from Cashdoc members struggling with teeth grinding > Solve your bruxism worries with jaw Botox at Barunsaem Dental Clinic in Seongbuk-gu! Wirye Top Dental Clinic in Seongnam: Get immediate treatment for uncomfortable teeth grinding devices.
캐시닥 운영진26.03.19Views 101Likes 3 If eye irritation persists due to entropion, treatment criteria based on cause are summarized.[4]
If you constantly feel a foreign object sensation in your eyes or find it difficult to look at sunlight, it is not simply dry eye syndrome. Structural problem where eyelashes poke the eyeball There is a possibility. If this condition persists, it can cause damage to the cornea or conjunctiva, and It is important to distinguish the cause, as it can lead to scarring, astigmatism, and vision loss. Why is eyelash irritation important? Eyelash irritation is not just a simple discomfort. Physical irritation problems that can lead to corneal damage no see. The main symptoms are as follows. foreign body sensation in the eye Increased tears The habit of rubbing eyes Hard to see sunlight If these symptoms recur, you need to classify the causes by type. Eyelash irritation is, Eyelashes poke the eyeball directly It refers to a condition that causes injury to the cornea or conjunctiva. Depending on the position, direction, and structure of the eyelashes The causes and treatment approaches are completely different. 4 Major Causes of Eyelash Poking (Classified by Type) 1️⃣ Double Eyelashes (Distichiasis) definition The oil glands (meibomian glands) inside the eyelid that are not in the normal position of the eyelashes Cases where it grows additionally from principle As eyelashes grow towards the inner corner of the eye It continuously stimulates the cornea. Treatment Approach Mild: Observe progress after using artificial tears or lubricant. Periodic eyelash removal (plucking) Root destruction (electrocautery, cryotherapy) ※ If you miss the timing, short eyelashes may poke you more strongly. 2️⃣ Trichiasis definition The position of the eyelashes is normal, but A condition where the direction of growth bends inward. principle Repeated corneal irritation due to orientation issues Treatment Approach Eyelash direction correction Eyelash perm (temporary effect) Root destruction (electrocautery, cryotherapy) 3️⃣ Entropion definition The edge of the eyelid itself is rolled inward Structural problem where normal eyelashes irritate the eyeball characteristic It occurs frequently in the lower eyelid. Types exist, such as congenital, senile, reactive, and seizure-related. Treatment standards Mild: Observe progress after using artificial tears Cases where multiple eyelashes irritate the skin: Surgical treatment is the primary method. 4️⃣ Epiblepharon (Pseudo-entropion) definition The eyelid structure is normal, but The direction of the eyelashes poking due to skin and muscle pressure characteristic Common in Asian children Natural improvement possible up to ages 6–8 Management standards No corneal abrasions: Regular checkups + follow-up observation Corneal abrasion present: Requires observation every 3 months Surgery may be considered if it persists after growth. Guidelines for dealing with an eyelash stuck in the eye When a foreign body sensation occurs, tearing increases, This is a natural reaction to expel foreign substances. Most eyelashes are naturally shed with tears, but If deeply embedded, it may remain for more than a week. In this case: Potential to cause inflammation Needs to be removed directly at an ophthalmologist's office Key Criteria for Treatment Decisions (Summary) 📌 Whether or not the cornea is damaged is the most important criterion. No corneal abrasion → Artificial tears + monitoring Corneal abrasion → Consider hair follicle removal procedure or surgery In other words, even the same “eyelash sting” The treatment method varies depending on the underlying structure. Situation Summary (Quick Check) Foreign body sensation + excessive tearing → Suspect eyelash irritation Eyelash direction problem → Possibility of trichiasis Feeling of eyelid turning → Possibility of entropion Children + Epiblepharon → Possibility of spontaneous improvement If you are in a situation where a stabbing sensation repeats every time you blink 👇 Learn more about entropion Natural Healing vs. Surgery for Baby Entropion: What Parents Need to Know What If Eyelash Poking Persists? Understanding Entropion Symptoms and Criteria for Selecting Treatment
캐시닥 운영진26.02.24Views 259Likes 4
