N differences between ADHD and borderline intellectual disability

N differences between ADHD and borderline intellectual disability

DHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) and Borderline Intellectual Functioning are both developmental disorders that can affect learning and behavior. However, they have many differences in causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment methods. In this article, we will look at some of the main differences between ADHD and Borderline Intellectual Functioning.

 

ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness. ADHD is primarily classified into two types.

• Attention Deficit Type (ADHD-PI): Symptoms related to attention problems are prominent.
• Hyperactive/Impulsive Type (ADHD-HI): Excessive activity and impulsiveness are the main symptoms.
• Mixed type (ADHD-C): Both attention deficit and hyperactivity/impulsivity are present.
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Borderline Intellectual Functioning refers to a condition where the intelligence quotient (IQ) is approximately between 70 and 85, placing it between normal intelligence and intellectual disability. This can cause mild difficulties in academic, occupational, and social functioning, but does not qualify as severe intellectual disability.

 

The causes of ADHD are complex. Genetic factors play a significant role, and environmental factors (e.g., smoking during pregnancy, premature birth) can also contribute. An imbalance of neurotransmitters in specific areas of the brain is considered a major cause of ADHD symptoms.

Borderline Intellectual Disability The causes of borderline intellectual disability are also multifaceted. Genetic factors play a major role, and environmental factors before and after birth (e.g., hypoxia at birth, nutritional deficiencies, lack of social stimulation) can also have an impact. These factors interact complexly to influence the development of intelligence.

 

ADHD

• Attention Deficit: Difficulty concentrating, frequent careless mistakes, difficulty following instructions.
• Hyperactivity: Restlessness, excessive talking, difficulty engaging in quiet activities.
• Impulsiveness: Difficulty waiting for one's turn, interrupting others' conversations or games.

Borderline Intellectual Disability

• Difficulty in learning: Slow acquisition of new concepts and low academic achievement.
• Decreased problem-solving ability: Difficulties in everyday problem-solving.
• Lack of social skills: Inappropriate behavior in social situations, difficulties in interactions with others.
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• ADHD is primarily diagnosed through clinical assessment. This includes reports from parents and teachers, behavioral observations, and psychological evaluations. According to DSM-5 criteria, symptoms of ADHD must persist for at least 6 months and be present in multiple settings.

 

Borderline Intellectual Disability Borderline intellectual disability is primarily diagnosed through standardized intelligence tests (e.g., Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, WISC). It includes not only Intelligence Quotient (IQ) but also adaptive behavior assessments. Academic achievement and daily functioning evaluations are also important diagnostic tools.

 

ADHD

• Medication treatment: Drugs such as methylphenidate and amphetamine are used.
• Behavior therapy: includes positive behavior reinforcement, structured routines, and behavior modification techniques.
• Psychosocial support: individual counseling, family counseling, school support programs, etc.
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Borderline Intellectual Disability

• Educational support: Special education services, personalized education plans (IEP), and more are provided.
• Vocational Training: Job skills training and supported employment programs.
• Psychosocial support: social skills training, psychological counseling, family support programs, etc.